Aerial surveying - Which aerial survey technique for which problem?; [Vermessung aus der Luft – welche Befliegungstechnik für welche Fragestellung?]

Abstract

This article considers different aerial surveying techniques and the importance of selecting an appropriate method for a specific surveying problem. Aerial data can be collected using aircraft, helicopters, unmanned aerial vehicles and different sensor systems, with each approach offering particular advantages in terms of coverage, resolution, accuracy, cost and operational flexibility. The article focuses on the relationship between the surveying objective and the technology used to collect spatial information. Large areas may require efficient airborne mapping, while smaller or more detailed projects can benefit from drone-based acquisition. Photogrammetry, laser scanning and other remote-sensing methods can produce different forms of information, including imagery, point clouds, elevation models and three-dimensional representations. The choice of technique therefore depends not only on the size of the project but also on the required level of detail and the characteristics of the environment. Factors such as terrain, weather, accessibility, regulations and processing requirements can also influence the decision. A well-planned aerial survey begins with a clear understanding of what information is needed rather than selecting technology first. The article highlights the value of matching sensors and platforms to the actual question being investigated. Modern geospatial workflows increasingly combine multiple acquisition methods, allowing professionals to use the strengths of different technologies. The discussion provides a practical perspective on aerial surveying and shows why technical knowledge, project requirements and data quality must be considered together when planning an efficient and reliable airborne mapping campaign. This perspective is also relevant for organizations that are planning long-term digital transformation and need practical information rather than technology in isolation. It shows how geospatial methods can connect operational needs with clearer, evidence-based decisions.